Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, or volume using ρ = m/V. Solve for any variable. Includes a reference table of common material densities.
DENSITY
1,000 kg/m³
FORMULA
ρ = m / V
Density of Common Materials
| Material | Density (kg/m³) | Density (lb/ft³) |
|---|---|---|
| Air (sea level) | 1 | 0.08 |
| Oak wood | 750 | 46.82 |
| Ice | 917 | 57.25 |
| Water (4°C) | 1,000 | 62.43 |
| Concrete | 2,400 | 149.83 |
| Aluminum | 2,700 | 168.56 |
| Steel | 7,850 | 490.06 |
| Copper | 8,960 | 559.35 |
| Lead | 11,340 | 707.93 |
| Gold | 19,300 | 1,204.86 |
💡 How to Calculate Density
What Is Density?
Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. It is an intrinsic property of a material — meaning it does not depend on the amount of the substance. A teaspoon of gold has the same density (19,300 kg/m³) as a gold bar.
Density determines whether an object floats or sinks: objects denser than water (1,000 kg/m³) sink, while less dense objects float. This principle is used in material identification, quality control, and engineering design.
How to Calculate Density
The Density Formula (Density Triangle)
Where ρ (rho) is density in kg/m³, m is mass in kg, and V is volume in m³. In US customary units, density is often expressed as lb/ft³ or lb/gal.
Worked Example
A block of aluminum has a mass of 2.7 kg and a volume of 0.001 m³ (1 liter):
ρ = 2.7 / 0.001 = 2,700 kg/m³
Densities of Common Materials
Air: 1.225 kg/m³. Wood (oak): 600–900 kg/m³. Water: 1,000 kg/m³. Concrete: 2,300 kg/m³. Aluminum: 2,700 kg/m³. Steel: 7,850 kg/m³. Copper: 8,960 kg/m³. Lead: 11,340 kg/m³. Gold: 19,300 kg/m³. Use our metal weight calculator to find the weight of specific metal shapes.