Physics Calculators — Force, Energy, Velocity & More

Free physics calculators covering mechanics, kinematics, dynamics, energy, and waves. Solve problems involving force (Newton's Laws), kinetic and potential energy, momentum, acceleration, velocity, friction, gravitational force, specific heat, and wavelength — all with step-by-step formulas and reference tables.

All Physics Calculators

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Acceleration Calculator

Calculate acceleration from initial velocity, final velocity, and time using a = (v₂ − v₁) / t. Results in m/s², ft/s², and g-force.

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Angular Acceleration Calculator

Calculate angular acceleration (α) from initial and final angular velocity and time. Convert between rad/s², RPM/s, and deg/s².

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Angular Velocity Calculator

Calculate angular velocity (ω) from RPM or angle and time. Convert between rad/s, RPM, and degrees/s.

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Average Velocity Calculator

Calculate average velocity from displacement and time using v = Δx/Δt. Results in m/s, km/h, and mph.

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Centrifugal Force Calculator

Calculate centrifugal force for rotating objects using F = mv²/r. Enter mass, velocity, and radius of rotation.

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Centripetal Force Calculator

Calculate centripetal force for circular motion using F = mv²/r. Find the inward force and centripetal acceleration.

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Coefficient of Friction Calculator

Calculate the coefficient of friction (μ) from friction force and normal force. Includes reference table for common surface pairs.

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Displacement Calculator

Calculate displacement using the SUVAT equation s = v₀t + ½at². Enter initial velocity, acceleration, and time.

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Elastic Potential Energy Calculator

Calculate elastic potential energy stored in a spring using PE = ½kx². Enter spring constant and displacement.

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Force Calculator

Calculate force using Newton's Second Law: F = ma. Convert between newtons, pounds-force, and kilonewtons. Includes weight reference table.

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Frequency Calculator

Calculate frequency from period (f = 1/T) or wave speed and wavelength (f = v/λ). Convert between Hz, kHz, and MHz.

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Friction Force Calculator

Calculate friction force using F_f = μ × F_n. Enter coefficient of friction and normal force.

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Gravitational Force Calculator

Calculate gravitational force between two masses using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation: F = Gm₁m₂/r².

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Gravitational Potential Energy Calculator

Calculate gravitational potential energy using PE = mgh. Results in joules, kilojoules, and foot-pounds.

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Kinetic Energy Calculator

Calculate kinetic energy using KE = ½mv². See how doubling speed quadruples energy. Includes vehicle comparison table.

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Magnitude of Acceleration Calculator

Calculate the magnitude of acceleration from x and y components using |a| = √(ax² + ay²). Find resultant acceleration and direction.

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Mass Calculator

Calculate mass from force and acceleration (m = F/a) or from density and volume (m = ρV). Convert between kg and lbs.

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Momentum Calculator

Calculate linear momentum using p = mv. Results in kg⋅m/s. Includes impulse-momentum theorem and real-world examples.

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Net Force Calculator

Calculate the net (resultant) force from multiple forces at different angles. Dynamically add and remove force vectors.

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Normal Force Calculator

Calculate normal force on flat and inclined surfaces using F_n = mg cos(θ). See weight, normal, and parallel force components.

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Specific Heat Calculator

Calculate heat energy using Q = mcΔT. Enter mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change. Reference table included.

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Speed Calculator

Calculate speed from distance and time. Results in m/s, km/h, and mph. Includes speed reference table from walking to light speed.

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Spring Constant Calculator

Calculate the spring constant (k) using Hooke's Law: k = F/x. Enter force and displacement to find stiffness in N/m.

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Terminal Velocity Calculator

Calculate terminal velocity using vt = √(2mg/ρACd). Enter mass, drag coefficient, area, and air density. Includes skydiver examples.

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Velocity Calculator

Calculate final velocity using the kinematic equation v = v₀ + at. Enter initial velocity, acceleration, and time.

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Wavelength Calculator

Calculate wavelength from wave speed and frequency using λ = v/f. Works for sound, light, and any wave. Musical note reference table.

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💡 Understanding Physics Calculations

Physics is the fundamental science of matter, energy, and their interactions. These calculators cover the most commonly used physics formulas — from Newton's Laws of Motion (F = ma) to energy conservation (KE = ½mv²), wave mechanics (λ = v/f), and gravitational physics.

All calculations use SI units (meters, kilograms, seconds, newtons, joules) as the base, with automatic conversions to imperial units (feet, pounds, mph, BTU) for practical US applications. Constants like g = 9.80665 m/s² and G = 6.674×10⁻¹¹ N⋅m²/kg² follow NIST standard reference values.

Start with Force (F = ma) and Kinetic Energy (KE = ½mv²) — the two most widely used physics formulas in education and engineering.